Abstract: This article elaborates on the meaning of agricultural machinery, starting from the classification and characteristics of agricultural machinery, analyzes and points out the importance of maintenance and upkeep of agricultural machinery, and proposes corresponding countermeasures for the maintenance and upkeep of agricultural machinery.
Keywords: Agricultural machinery; Maintenance; Maintenance; strategy
Introduction
The fundamental way out for agriculture lies in mechanization. With the continuous development of China's economy and science and technology, the process of agricultural production development has been accelerated. The various agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policies and increased support have effectively stimulated the purchasing enthusiasm of farmers, promoted the improvement of agricultural machinery utilization rate, and more agricultural machinery has been applied to agricultural production, improving production efficiency. The promotion and use of agricultural mechanization have improved agricultural production efficiency and promoted agricultural economic growth. However, there are still many problems in the development of agricultural mechanization. Agricultural machinery covers various stages of agricultural production, including cultivation, planting, management, and harvesting. To ensure the efficient utilization of production technology and obtain more production and management benefits, it is of great significance to do a good job in the maintenance and upkeep of agricultural machinery. By conscientiously implementing maintenance work, agricultural machinery is kept in good working condition, providing support for production work and improving production efficiency. This article starts with the classification, function, and characteristics of agricultural machinery, and conducts relevant analysis on the maintenance and upkeep of agricultural machinery.
1. Overview of Agricultural Machinery
1.1 The meaning of agricultural machinery
The agricultural machinery referred to here specifically refers to various types of machinery used in crop cultivation and animal husbandry production; Machinery used in the primary processing and processing of agricultural and livestock products. From a broad perspective, it specifically includes forestry machinery, fishery machinery, and rural sideline machinery. The definition of agricultural machinery is a relative concept, referring to the overall name of various types of machinery in agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, and fisheries.
1.2 The role of agricultural machinery
(1) Combining production needs and selecting suitable machinery can improve operational efficiency. (2) Effective support based on technology can increase production output. (3) Promoting the application of agricultural machinery can help drive the development of agricultural biotechnology and promote it. (4) Strive for agricultural time. (5) Reduce labor intensity and improve working conditions. (6) Reduce investment and save agricultural production costs. (7) Improving the agricultural ecological environment under certain conditions is the guarantee for achieving high yield, quality, and efficiency in agricultural production.
1.3 Characteristics of Agricultural Machinery
(1) Object oriented has complexity. From the perspective of mechanical services, the service targets are mainly organisms and are related to conditions related to biological activities, such as soil conditions and fertilizers. (2) Machinery has diversity and regional characteristics. The mechanical equipment used needs to be selected based on the type and characteristics of crops, and is influenced by climate and planting conditions, exhibiting diversity and regional characteristics. (3) Having seasonal characteristics. Due to the significant impact of climate conditions on agricultural production, it is necessary to complete planting, harvesting and other work within a certain period of time, which requires high performance of machinery. It is necessary to ensure the reliability of equipment and productivity. (4) Poor working environment conditions. Most agricultural machinery works in fields, open fields, and at high speeds, and must have high product quality and management level. (5) Easy to operate and maintain. The technical level of farmers is generally low, and agricultural machinery should be operated as easily as possible, with easy maintenance and upkeep. (6) Economically applicable. Agricultural machinery is suitable for rural areas, and it is necessary to fully consider the economic capacity of farmers to accept agricultural machinery and have a certain degree of economic practicality.
1.4 Classification of Agricultural Machinery
Agricultural machinery is generally classified according to its purpose, including plowing and land preparation machinery, planting and fertilization machinery, field management machinery, harvesting machinery, post-harvest treatment machinery, agricultural product processing machinery, agricultural handling machinery, drainage and irrigation machinery, animal husbandry machinery, aquatic machinery, agricultural waste utilization and treatment equipment, power machinery, and other (beekeeping platforms, preservation and storage equipment, Beidou terminals) in fourteen categories. Each major category is further divided into multiple subcategories and categories, which will not be listed one by one here.
2. Maintenance and upkeep strategies for agricultural machinery
Agricultural machinery leaves the factory and undergoes running in. After a long period of operation, the mechanical components will deform and become loose due to the influence of motion friction, resulting in changes in shape and size. If not handled and maintained in a timely manner, it will leave potential performance hazards and reduce the level of mechanical performance. However, due to the lack of basic mechanical knowledge and low technical level among farmers, they are not clear about the technical maintenance procedures and content, and do not know how to maintain agricultural machinery. The second issue is the lack of guarantee for the work of the machinery promotion department. Due to insufficient technical personnel and insufficient funding, some maintenance and upkeep work has not been carried out in a timely and effective manner, which in turn affects the promotion and application of related technologies. To carry out maintenance and upkeep work, it is necessary to implement the concept of prevention first and promptly eliminate existing hidden dangers. In daily work, in combination with agricultural machinery, corresponding maintenance and repair systems are formulated, and various tasks such as inspection, cleaning, and plugging are organized. By taking measures such as adjustment, tightening, and replacement, problems with machinery are solved, the deterioration of mechanical performance is curbed, energy consumption is reduced, production efficiency is improved, and more production economic benefits are obtained.
3. Overall goals for the maintenance and upkeep of agricultural machinery
3.1 Three No Leaks
Specifically, there is no oil leakage; No water or air leakage.
3.2 The specific interpretation of "four cleanings" is: oil cleanliness, water cleanliness, air cleanliness, and locomotive cleanliness.
3.3 Five good specific explanations include good mechanical performance adjustment, good equipment lubrication, good fastening, good instruments, and good electrical equipment.
3.4 Main objectives of maintenance and upkeep work
(1) After repair and maintenance, the power of the engine equipment meets the requirements for use. According to the usage requirements, the fuel consumption rate of the equipment cannot exceed the rated standard, and the speed must meet the technical parameter requirements. The runtime status is good and there are no abnormal situations.
(2) For air filters, diesel filters, etc., it is necessary to clean them well to ensure good performance.
(3) Adjust the control mechanism to achieve accurate and flexible steering. The transmission mechanism used should be in a flexible state, without the occurrence of shifting or disorderly shifting. Strictly follow the work requirements to carry out agricultural machinery maintenance and repair, implement quality and performance inspections after maintenance, and ensure that maintenance and upkeep are in place.
3.5 Mechanical maintenance and upkeep should achieve the following conditions
(1) Operate, rotate, and lift to achieve a flexible state. (2) The machinery is not loose, sluggish, deformed, or corroded. (3) The technical condition of the equipment is intact. Perform maintenance inspections according to the set requirements.
4. Maintenance and upkeep of various departments of agricultural machinery
Overall, agricultural machinery is mainly composed of systems such as engines, chassis, electrical equipment, and operating systems (agricultural machinery). Below is a brief analysis of the maintenance and upkeep of various systems of agricultural machinery.
4.1 Maintenance and upkeep of the engine
(1) Inspection of anti freezing liquid level height: The appropriate height is from the Z-low mark to the Z-high mark, which is slightly above the middle mark. (2) Battery inspection: Firstly, check if the electrolyte in the battery is sufficient. Secondly, check the tightness of the "two poles" of the battery, and then clean the dirt on the "two poles". (3) Oil inspection: Check if the height and color of the oil are normal. If the viscosity is too low, it should be replaced in a timely manner. (4) Inspection or replacement of air filter: Remove the filter and observe it. If it is particularly dirty, it should be replaced in a timely manner. If it is not very dirty, use a high-pressure air gun for treatment to make it clean. (5) Inspect the radiator and intake duct. After entering spring, it is necessary to organize inspections in a timely manner to see if there are any willow catkins or other debris entering, in order to avoid adverse effects on heat dissipation. If there are any, use a high-pressure air gun for treatment. (6) Inspect the engine compartment to check the condition of the rubber hoses and check for signs of aging and cracking. (7) When inspecting the engine compartment, it is also necessary to check the wires and screws of the parts to see if there are any problems, such as glue opening or detachment, and carry out problem handling. (8) For the inspection inside the engine compartment, in addition to the above areas, it is also necessary to check the condition of each V-shaped drive belt, check its performance and tension, and implement adjustment or replacement measures.
4.2 Maintenance and upkeep of agricultural machinery chassis
(1) Check the clutch pedal travel. (2) Inspect the gearbox for leaks or damage. (3) Inspect the dust cover of the constant velocity universal joint to see if there is any damage. (4) Check the steering tie rod to see if the ball joint is fixed; Whether the gap size is reasonable, etc. (5) Inspect the braking system to see if there is any leakage or damage. (6) Check the brake fluid to ensure that the liquid level meets the requirements. (7) Inspect the brake shoe friction lining or pad to see if the thickness meets the standard. (8) Check and adjust the hand brake device. (9) Inspect the tires to see if the air pressure, wear, and damage meet the requirements. (10) Inspect the wheel bolts to ensure that the tightening torque parameters are appropriate. (11) Check the depth of the tire pattern.
4.3 Maintenance and upkeep of agricultural machinery and electrical equipment
Electrical equipment may experience faults such as loose joints, aging of circuits, wear and tear, vulcanization of battery plates, open circuits, and short circuits in the daily operation of machinery. Therefore, daily maintenance work is quite important. (1) Regularly check for loose connections and terminals, and tighten immediately if there are any abnormalities. (2) Regularly remove soil and oil stains from the outside of electrical equipment. (3) The parts that need to be lubricated should be inspected and lubricated with lubricating oil. (4) Regularly inspect and maintain according to the time specified in the user manual. (5) When the battery is not in use for a long time, it should be fully charged and placed in a cool and ventilated room. Recharging should be conducted every other month, and charging and discharging tests should be conducted every three months for inspection.
4.4 Maintenance and upkeep of agricultural machinery operation system (agricultural machinery)
The homework system (tool) is a system in agricultural machinery that directly works on the homework object. The working environment is very harsh, often carried out in outdoor environments with wind, sun, rain, flying dust, and uneven ground, and subjected to significant corrosion, wear, vibration, and other factors. Therefore, proper maintenance of agricultural machinery during use is also very important. (1) Properly maintain agricultural machinery. In addition to paying attention to the technical status of agricultural machinery in daily life, maintenance work for agricultural machinery should be done well after each shift or operation. Specific measures: ① Remove dirt, soil, and weeds tangled around working parts; ② Check the status of working components and the correctness of installation and adjustment of each part; ③ Check if all components of agricultural machinery are lost, check and tighten all nuts; ④ Add lubricating oil (grease) to the required parts as required; ⑤ Replace faulty and vulnerable parts. (2) Properly store agricultural machinery. Due to the strong seasonality of agricultural production, some agricultural machinery and tools need to be stopped for storage during busy farming hours. ① The place where agricultural machinery and tools are stored should be kept clean regularly, free of accumulated water, oil stains, weeds, etc., and snow should be removed in a timely manner during winter. ② Indoor agricultural machinery warehouses should maintain ventilation, light transmission, and avoid dampness; ③ Before storing agricultural machinery, it should be thoroughly cleaned to remove soil, weeds, and oil stains, and lubricating oil (grease) should be added to each lubrication point; ④ The parts of agricultural machinery that are prone to corrosion and the parts that have a direct impact on work after rusting should be coated with anti-corrosion oil (paint); ⑤ Agricultural machinery parked outdoors should be padded with bricks and stones to prevent contact with the ground; ⑥ Components that are prone to corrosion and deformation should be removed for cleaning and stored indoors for proper storage.
5. Conclusion
In summary, in the promotion and application process of agricultural mechanization, the maintenance and upkeep of agricultural machinery accounts for a large proportion: ① The agricultural machinery management department increases the promotion of the importance of agricultural machinery maintenance and upkeep, and standardizes the methods and processes of agricultural machinery maintenance and upkeep. ② Regularly organize agricultural machinery maintenance network staff and farmers to participate in maintenance skills training. Only owners and users of agricultural machinery with certain mechanical technical skills can scientifically maintain and upkeep agricultural machinery in order to ensure its high-quality, low consumption, efficient, and safe input into agricultural production.
2024 April 1st Week VAFEM Product Recommendation:
VAFEM single bearings, manufactured to original equipment quality, are assembled in Langenbach, along with all the necessary components. There are four different models: grooved and angular roller bearings,tapered roller bearings,integrated wheel bearing units (hub units with built-in electronic sensors), and the bearings used for ABS, TCS, CPWM and navigation systems. In VAFEM catalogue you will also find images of each individual item. Our range of wheel hubs has also been considerably extended.
2024-03-29